Wesley Edward Arnold MA. With thanks to the help of many folks to told me their memories. References and credits are being added. Please advise of any omissions. I have made effort to see that every word is truthful. This is a work in progress. Your suggestions are welcome. Also if you have some historical information send it to me. I will give you full credit in the text for it. Everything is donated by me at my expense.
Copies of this complete history is available free on my website macombhistory. Send comments and history to wecare macombhistory.
To get true perspective we need to look at the big picture. Note the new better spelling of the word thru, and foto which are spelled the way they should be. Languages such as English can and do change for the better. Looks strange but better. Also note that this work contains some thinking questions and comments for students for better learning. The entire work consists of 20 volumes most of which are now on a Compact Disk available from Friends of the Library for a small donation to them.
I receive no income from this as this is my gift to our community to preserve our American Heritage. I have been compiling our local history for almost 50 years on a part time basis and have over that time period given away many copies of it. At this writing I am 70 years old and in poor health. In the little time I have left I will add to this history things that are most important including lessons of history. Our current education system is failing to provide our children with adequate historical background.
The average high school senior does not even know who we fought in WWII or why. They have little idea of the suffering of those who secured their freedom. As a humble veteran who has lost friends in wars I feel a duty to help educate future generations.
Therein is the purpose for my books. This work is a labor of love and although my name goes down as the author, this work is the end result of hundreds of others sharing their knowledge with me.
I apologize for not remembering who told me what and I hereby acknowledge these wonderful folks. A list of as many as I can remember is posted on the Those who Helped page and are acknowledged in the Who's Who book. It is important to learn from history. We must learn to be prepared against threats both from without and within. We should teach our people to think and to plan and act for a better life for all. We need a code of conduct for all human beings and now including intelligent machines.
This code of conduct should be to bring no harm to another by one's action or inaction and to not do to others what one would not want to be done to oneself. This should be both the expectation, the law and the code of conduct. Serious violators should be removed to a deserted island in the Pacific. Less serious violators should be mentally rehabbed before they are allowed back into society.
Because we are all sentenced to work for life they should have to work for us while they are successfully rehabbed. Young people should attend a short boot camp to instill responsibility and prepare them to defend our country if needed and given vocational training. When they successfully complete this they could be offered temporary work in that profession in public service which would give them experience and some maturity.
This would solve a lot of problems with young people. They could go on to college and furthering their education while earning their way with their occupation.
Other countries are giving their bright kids advanced education. Because we are not doing this now is why our country is falling behind many other countries.
It is a matter of national survival. Lastly we need to deport now those who are working to destroy our freedoms and constitution. Of the lessons of history that have been most ignored is that our freedoms and security must be maintained by every generation. We need to be vigilant and be prepared. The oldest rocks the precambrian rock was formed from gas which had condensed to form a molten ball and the lighter materials floated to the outside.
Over billions of years this crust cooled forming continents. Meanwhile the Earth was hit with millions of frozen meteorites eventually causing the formation of oceans between the floating pieces of crust. The deepest rock under Warren which goes miles down was actually once part of several continents. Columbia, Rodinia, Pangaea, Gondwana, Laurentia and others. These pieces of crust floated on the hot surface of the globe bumping into each other, splitting apart many times until the present continents were formed.
The continents are still in motion today and move a few inches a year, Warren has been positioned at the equator, at the poles and in between as it is now and has had climates that match those positions. The Earth's crust folded forming mountains and volcanoes to the north of the Lower Peninsula. The Penokean Mountain range was created in the upper peninsula of Michigan and was probably high as the present Rockies. For many millions of years our area was barren rock or covered with seas, glaciers, lakes, clay, marshland and forests.
There were several long periods of time when our area was covered by glaciers sometimes over a mile thick. Finally the area thawed out but rested under an expanded Lake St. Clair until about 10, years ago.
Rivers and lakes had pure water. Forests, prairies and damp areas covered our area which was for thousands of years, abounding in wildlife. Dangerous to man were bears, wolves, cougars, insects and worst of all other men. Most of our native animals are extinct or have been forced out of our area by urbanization. Fossils found in the area date back from ten thousand years to hundreds of millions of years.
Although there is no human record we read the history from the evidence left in the rocks themselves going back millions of years. The topsoil under our feet took thousands of years to build up. Below that is about a hundred feet of clay which are the remains of mountains dragged here by the glaciers from the Upper Peninsula. Below that are many layers of rock formed in many ways some from millions of years of this area being covered by shallow seas and coral reefs.
There are layers of salt that extend from here to New York which are the result of salt water seas drying out. If a clock face were to represent all of prehistory and history of our area only the last fraction of a second would represent the history of mankind on this planet.
Mankind's tenure on this planet has been very short in comparison to many other things. How far back does history go? The area that became Warren was first formed from molten rock and became part of the edge of the Canadian Shield about five billion years ago as the Earth cooled. The Earth's crust later folded forming mountains and volcanoes to the north of the Lower Peninsula.
Over million years ago in the Precambrian Era the area that would become Warren was part of a shallow sea in which sediments were deposited on the sea floor from the erosion of the mountains. After the old mountains were eroded down the Killarney Mountains were formed in the Upper Peninsula. Geologists have found sedimentary rocks layered, folded and tilted, or crumpled into wavy lines, indicating that originally flat layers were pushed up into ridges and mountains.
By measuring the angle and thickness of these layers of rock strata and studying the places where still hidden strata appear as outcrops on the surface, geologists have determined that a great mountain chain, sometimes referred to as the Killarney Mountains, extended from Minnesota, across Wisconsin and Michigan, and on eastward into Canada.
This mountain range towered over the landscape for millions of years until the combined forces of earthquakes, glaciers and weather eroded them away. We are now resting on top of the ground down Killarney Mountains. In the Cambrian period over million years ago the land was uplifted many times.
With each uplift the sediments were changed and folded and new igneous rocks were forced into these formations. The mountains eroded and the sediments that were carried into the shallow sea became the layer of Cambrian Sandstone located below present day Warren. In the Ordovician period over million years ago Warren remained under the ancient sea which became alternately shallower, deeper, clear and muddy which formed the layers of limestone from millions of small animal shells and dolomite and shale formed from muddy water.
Since the Michigan area was shaped like a huge saucer it has been called the Michigan Basin by geologists. During the Silurian Period over million years ago the area of Warren was covered with deep seas with clear warm waters. Great deposits of muds and corals were formed now called the Niagara Limestones.
This is about feet below Warren now. One form of coral became the state stone the Petoskey Stone. Toward the end of this time the seas became salty as ocean water splashed into the basin and many forms of life died. Layers of salt, and anhydrite settled in the bottom of the basin which is now down about feet below Warren.
Later more limestone was formed. During the Devonian period over million years ago the climate became warm and moist. Michigan became a closed pond. This was the age of fishes and corals which formed limestone.
Later as a bay formed and vegetation sediments were deposited various shales were formed.
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